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| signature = Aldous Huxley signature.svg }} Aldous Leonard Huxley (26 July 1894 – 22 November 1963) was an English writer, novelist, philosopher and a prominent member of the Huxley family. He was best known for his novels including ''Brave New World'', set in a dystopian London, and for non-fiction books, such as ''The Doors of Perception'', which recalls experiences when taking a psychedelic drug, and a wide-ranging output of essays. Early in his career Huxley edited the magazine ''Oxford Poetry'', and published short stories and poetry. Mid career and later, he published travel writing, film stories, and scripts. He spent the later part of his life in the U.S., living in Los Angeles from 1937 until his death. In 1962, a year before his death, he was elected Companion of Literature by the Royal Society of Literature.〔("Companions of Literature" ). Royal Society of Literature. Retrieved 5 January 2015〕 Huxley was a humanist, pacifist, and satirist. He later became interested in spiritual subjects such as parapsychology and philosophical mysticism, in particular Universalism. By the end of his life, Huxley was widely acknowledged as one of the pre-eminent intellectuals of his time.〔Thody, Philipe (1973)〕 He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in seven different years.〔("Nomination Database: Aldous Huxley" ). Nobel Prize.org. Retrieved 19 March 2015〕 ==Early life== Aldous Huxley was born in Godalming, Surrey, England, in 1894. He was the third son of the writer and schoolmaster Leonard Huxley and his first wife, Julia Arnold, who founded Prior's Field School. Julia was the niece of poet and critic Matthew Arnold and the sister of Mrs. Humphrey Ward. Aldous was the grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley, the zoologist, agnostic, and controversialist ("Darwin's Bulldog"). His brother Julian Huxley and half-brother Andrew Huxley also became outstanding biologists. Aldous had another brother, Noel Trevelyan Huxley (1891–1914), who committed suicide after a period of clinical depression.〔Holmes, Charles Mason (1978) ''Aldous Huxley and the Way to Reality.'' Greenwood Press, 1978, p. 5〕 Huxley's education began in his father's well-equipped botanical laboratory, after which he enrolled at Hillside School, Malvern. He was taught there by his own mother for several years until she became terminally ill. After Hillside, he went on to Eton College. Huxley's mother died in 1908 when he was 14. In 1911, he contracted an eye disease (keratitis punctata) which "left () practically blind for two to three years". Aldous volunteered to join the army at the outbreak of the Great War in 1914, but was rejected on health grounds, being half-blind in one eye. His eyesight later partly recovered. He went up to Balliol College, Oxford, where he read English Literature. In 1916 he edited ''Oxford Poetry'' and later graduated BA with First Class honours. His brother Julian wrote: Following his years at Balliol, Huxley, being financially indebted to his father, decided to find employment. For a short time in 1918, before the Armistice in November, he was in charge of ordering supplies at the Air Ministry. He taught French for a year at Eton, where Eric Blair (later to become George Orwell) and Steven Runciman were among his pupils. He was mainly remembered as being an incompetent schoolmaster unable to keep order in class. Nevertheless, Blair and others spoke highly of his brilliant command of language. Significantly, Huxley also worked for a time during the 1920s at Brunner and Mond, a high-tech chemical plant in Billingham, North East England. According to the introduction to the latest edition of his great science fiction novel ''Brave New World'' (1932) the experience he had there of "an ordered universe in a world of planless incoherence" was an important source for the novel. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aldous Huxley」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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